Barriers to Girls’ Participation in School Sports: A Qualitative Study in Rural India

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the multifaceted barriers to girls’ participation in school sports within rural regions of India. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with female students, parents, teachers, and school administrators across several rural districts, the research identifies key social, cultural, institutional, and infrastructural challenges that limit girls' engagement in sports activities. Findings reveal deeply rooted gender norms, safety concerns, lack of parental support, inadequate sports facilities, and limited female role models as significant deterrents. Furthermore, the study highlights how educational priorities, societal expectations around femininity, and the absence of inclusive policies contribute to a sports environment that often marginalizes girls. The research underscores the need for targeted interventions—including community sensitization, policy reform, investment in gender-sensitive infrastructure, and active encouragement from educators—to foster equitable participation. By illuminating the lived experiences of rural schoolgirls, this study aims to inform stakeholders and policymakers seeking to promote gender equity in school sports and broader educational contexts.