Postural Deviations in Gymnasts: A Case-Control Study with Corrective Measures

Abstract

Background: Gymnastics, while promoting strength, flexibility, and coordination, can predispose athletes to postural deviations due to repetitive biomechanical loading, asymmetrical training, and early specialization. Understanding these deviations is essential for injury prevention and long-term musculoskeletal health.

Objective: This study aimed to identify and compare postural deviations between gymnasts and non-gymnasts, and to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted corrective measures in addressing these deviations.

Methods: A case-control study design was employed involving 60 participants—30 competitive gymnasts (cases) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-gymnasts (controls). Postural assessment was conducted using standardized protocols including plumb line analysis, goniometric measurements, and digital posture analysis software. Deviations were categorized by type (e.g., kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, forward head posture). A subset of gymnasts exhibiting significant deviations underwent a 12-week corrective exercise program focusing on mobility, strengthening, and neuromuscular re-education.